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Added Calculator Tutorial

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Eugenio Parodi 4 years ago
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  1. 1
      docs/source/index.rst
  2. 276
      tutorial/005-calculator.rst
  3. 3
      tutorial/README.md
  4. 38
      tutorial/calculator/calculator.001.py
  5. 80
      tutorial/calculator/calculator.002.py
  6. 114
      tutorial/calculator/calculator.003.py
  7. 145
      tutorial/calculator/calculator.004.py
  8. 154
      tutorial/calculator/calculator.005.py

1
docs/source/index.rst
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@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Intro
tutorial/002-layout.rst
tutorial/003-signalslots.rst
tutorial/004-logging.rst
tutorial/005-calculator.rst
.. toctree::
:maxdepth: 1

276
tutorial/005-calculator.rst
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.. _pyTermTk: https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk
.. _TermTk: https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk
.. _TTkLog: https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/autogen.TermTk/TermTk.TTkCore.log.html
.. _TTkLogViewer: https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/autogen.TermTk/TermTk.TTkTestWidgets.logviewer.html
.. _TTkLabel: https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/autogen.TermTk/TermTk.TTkWidgets.label.html
.. _TTkButton: https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/autogen.TermTk/TermTk.TTkWidgets.button.html
.. _TTkGridLayout: https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/autogen.TermTk/TermTk.TTkLayouts.gridlayout.html
===================
pyTermTk_ - Your first Calculator
===================
Intro
=====
This example shows how to use `signals and slots <https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/003-signalslots.html>`_ to implement the functionality of a calculator widget, and how to use TTkGridLayout_ to place child widgets in a grid.
Due to the modular nature of pyTermTk_, the same result may be achieved in multiple ways, for the sack of simplicity I will use a procedural approach avoiding to create a calculator widget.
Design
======
First of all we need a rough idea about the layout we want to achieve.
Thanks to my amazing `paint.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/demo/paint.py>`_ I draw my idea and I used it to check the grid placement of any widget
::
Col: 0 1 2 3
|-------|-------|-------|-------| Row:
╔═════════════════════════════════╗ ---
║ ┌─────────────────────────────┐ ║ |
║ │ r:0,c:0, rspan:1, cspan:4 │ ║ | 0
║ └─────────────────────────────┘ ║ ---
║ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ║ |
║ │ 1,0 │ │ 1,1 │ │ 1,2 │ │ 1,3 │ ║ | 1
║ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ ║ ---
║ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ║ |
║ │ 2,0 │ │ 2,1 │ │ 2,2 │ │ 2,3 │ ║ | 2
║ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ ║ ---
║ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ ║ |
║ │ 3,0 │ │ 3,1 │ │ 3,2 │ │ 3,3 │ ║ | 3
║ └─────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ │ │ ║ ---
║ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────┐ │ 2,1 │ ║ |
║ │ 4,0 1,2 │ │ 4,2 │ │ │ ║ | 4
║ └─────────────┘ └─────┘ └─────┘ ║ ---
╚═════════════════════════════════╝
Start Coding
============
Initialize the window
---------------------
From `calculator.001.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/tutorial/calculator/calculator.001.py>`_
First thing first I need a parent widget with a grid layout that I can use to place the elements of my calculator
.. code:: python
import TermTk as ttk
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
Once we have out layout object (**winLayout**) ready we can add all the widgets of calculator to it
Add all the widgets of calculator to it
---------------------------------------
From `calculator.002.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/tutorial/calculator/calculator.002.py>`_
Based on the positions and sizes defined in the :ref:`design layout <design>`, I place all the widgets on the TTkGridLayout_ (**winLayout**)
.. code:: python
# Define the Label and attach it to the grid layout at
# Position (Row/Col) (0,0) and (Row/Col)Span (1,4)
# I force the Max Height to 1 in order to avoid this widget to resize vertically
resLabel = ttk.TTkLabel(text="Results", maxHeight=1)
winLayout.addWidget(resLabel, 0,0, 4,1)
# Define the Numeric Buttons and attach them to the grid layout
btn1 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="1")
btn2 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="2")
btn3 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="3")
btn4 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="4")
btn5 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="5")
btn6 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="6")
btn7 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="7")
btn8 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="8")
btn9 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="9")
winLayout.addWidget(btn1, 1,0) # Colspan/Rowspan are defaulted to 1 if not specified
winLayout.addWidget(btn2, 1,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn3, 1,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn4, 2,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn5, 2,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn6, 2,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn7, 3,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn8, 3,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn9, 3,2)
# Adding the "0" button on the bottom which alignment is
# Position (Row/Col) (4,0) (Row/Col)span (1,2)
# Just to show off I am using another way to attach it to the grid layout
winLayout.addWidget(btn0:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="0"), 4,0, 1,2)
# Define the 2 algebric buttons
winLayout.addWidget(btnAdd:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="+"), 1,3)
winLayout.addWidget(btnSub:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="-"), 2,3)
# The Enter "=" button (2 rows wide )
winLayout.addWidget(btnRes:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="="), 3,3, 2,1)
# Last but not least an extrabutton just for fun
winLayout.addWidget(mysteryButton:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="?"), 4,2)
This code will produce this result:
::
╔════════════════════════════╗
║ My first Calculator ║
╟────────────────────────────╢
║Results ║
║┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐║
║│ 1 ││ 2 ││ 3 ││ + │║
║╘═════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛║
║┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐║
║│ 4 ││ 5 ││ 6 ││ - │║
║╘═════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛║
║┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐┌─────┐║
║│ 7 ││ 8 ││ 9 ││ │║
║╘═════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛│ = │║
║┌────────────┐┌─────┐│ │║
║│ 0 ││ ? ││ │║
║╘════════════╛╘═════╛╘═════╛║
╚════════════════════════════╝
Cool isn't it?
Numeric Button Events
---------------------------------------
From `calculator.003.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/tutorial/calculator/calculator.003.py>`_
.. code:: python
# I am defining a simlpe structure that can be used to store
# the mathematical elements of the formulae
mathElements = {'a':None, 'b':None, 'operation':None}
# This is a simple callback that I can use to store the numbers
# I didn't include extra logic because out of the scope of this tutorial
def setFactor(value):
if mathElements['operation'] is None:
mathElements['a'] = mathElements['a']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']}")
else:
mathElements['b'] = mathElements['b']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['b']}")
# I am using a lambda function to redirect the click event to the
# proper "setFactor" callback, this is due to the fact that the
# "clicked" signal does not return any object or information that
# can be used to identify which button has been pressed
# different approaches are possible, i.e. create a separate function
# for each button
btn0.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(0))
btn1.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(1))
btn2.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(2))
btn3.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(3))
btn4.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(4))
btn5.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(5))
btn6.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(6))
btn7.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(7))
btn8.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(8))
btn9.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(9))
Operation and results events
----------------------------
From `calculator.004.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/tutorial/calculator/calculator.004.py>`_
.. code:: python
# Define 2 slots to handle the Add and Sub operations
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationAdd():
mathElements['operation'] = "ADD"
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationSub():
mathElements['operation'] = "SUB"
# Connect them to the clicked signal of the buttons
btnAdd.clicked.connect(setOperationAdd)
btnSub.clicked.connect(setOperationSub)
# Same for the "=" button
@pyTTkSlot()
def executeOperation():
if mathElements['operation'] is not None:
if mathElements['operation'] == "ADD":
res = mathElements['a'] + mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} + {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
else: # "SUB" Routine
res = mathElements['a'] - mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} - {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
# reset the values
mathElements['a'] = res
mathElements['b'] = 0
mathElements['operation'] = None
btnRes.clicked.connect(executeOperation)
Beware the Mystery Button
-----------------------------------------
From `calculator.005.py <https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk/blob/main/tutorial/calculator/calculator.005.py>`_
.. code:: python
@pyTTkSlot()
def showAboytWindow():
# I am using the overlay helper to show the
# About window on top of the screen
# it will be closed once the focus is lost
ttk.TTkHelper.overlay(mysteryButton, ttk.TTkAbout(), -2, -1)
mysteryButton.clicked.connect(showAboytWindow)
Press the Mystery "?" Button if you dare!!!
::
╔═══════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ My first Calculator ║
╟───────────────────────────────────────────╢
║1 + 2 = 3 ║
║┌─────────┐┌────────┐┌─────────┐┌─────────┐║
║│ 1 ││ 2 ││ 3 ││ + │║
║╘═════════╛╘════════╛╘═════════╛╘═════════╛║
║┌─────────┐┌────────┐┌─────────┐┌─────────┐║
║│ 4 ││ 5 ││ 6 ││ - │║
║│ ││ ╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║╘═════════╛╘══║ About... ║
║┌─────────┐┌──╟─────────────────────────────────────────────────────╢
║│ 7 ││ ║ ▝▀▄ ████████╗ ████████╗ ║
║│ ││ ║ ▗▄▀▜▀▘▄▄▖ ╚══██╔══╝ ╚══██╔══╝ ║
║╘═════════╛╘══║▐▐▛▄▐▀▌▝▘▀ ██║ ▄▄ ▄ ▄▄ ▄▄▖▄▖ ██║ █ ▗▖ ║
║┌─────────────║▝▀▌▜▝▀▘▌▌ ▞▀▚ ▖▗ ██║ █▄▄█ █▀▘ █ █ █ ██║ █▟▘ ║
║│ 0 ║ ▗▗▞▜▀▌▗▌▖ ▙▄▞▐▄▟ ██║ ▀▄▄▖ █ █ ▝ █ ██║ █ ▀▄ ║
║│ ║ ▝▐▙▟▟▌▟▌▌ ▌ ▐ ╚═╝ ╚═╝ ║
║╘═════════════║ ▐▐▌▗▌▘▌▌ ▚▄▄▘ Version: 0.7.0a16 ║
╚══════════════║ ▝▐▌▐▖▜▌▌ ║
║ ▝▐▀▝▘▀▘▘ Powered By, Eugenio Parodi ║
║ ▝▀▀▀▀▘ ║
║ https://github.com/ceccopierangiolieugenio/pyTermTk ║
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
Well, with colors is another thing!!!

3
tutorial/README.md
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@ -23,4 +23,5 @@ A list of frequently used modules is given below:
- **[Hello World](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/001-helloworld.html)**
- **[Logging](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/004-logging.html)**
- **[Layout](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/002-layout.html)**
- **[Signals and Slots](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/003-signalslots.html)**
- **[Signals and Slots](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/003-signalslots.html)**
- **[Your first Calculator](https://ceccopierangiolieugenio.github.io/pyTermTk/tutorial/005-calculator.html)**

38
tutorial/calculator/calculator.001.py
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@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2022 Eugenio Parodi <ceccopierangiolieugenio AT googlemail DOT com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
import TermTk as ttk
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
# Start the Main loop
root.mainloop()

80
tutorial/calculator/calculator.002.py
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@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2022 Eugenio Parodi <ceccopierangiolieugenio AT googlemail DOT com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
import TermTk as ttk
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
# Define the Label and attach it to the grid layout at
# Position (Row/Col) (0,0) and (Row/Col)Span (1,4)
# I force the Max Height to 1 in order to avoid this widget to resize vertically
resLabel = ttk.TTkLabel(text="Results", maxHeight=1)
winLayout.addWidget(resLabel, 0,0, 4,1)
# Define the Numeric Buttons and attach them to the grid layout
btn1 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="1")
btn2 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="2")
btn3 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="3")
btn4 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="4")
btn5 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="5")
btn6 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="6")
btn7 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="7")
btn8 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="8")
btn9 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="9")
winLayout.addWidget(btn1, 1,0) # Colspan/Rowspan are defaulted to 1 if not specified
winLayout.addWidget(btn2, 1,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn3, 1,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn4, 2,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn5, 2,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn6, 2,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn7, 3,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn8, 3,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn9, 3,2)
# Adding the "0" button on the bottom which alignment is
# Position (Row/Col) (4,0) (Row/Col)span (1,2)
# Just to show off I am using another way to attach it to the grid layout
winLayout.addWidget(btn0:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="0"), 4,0, 1,2)
# Define the 2 algebric buttons
winLayout.addWidget(btnAdd:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="+"), 1,3)
winLayout.addWidget(btnSub:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="-"), 2,3)
# The Enter "=" button (2 rows wide)
winLayout.addWidget(btnRes:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="="), 3,3, 2,1)
# Last but not least an extrabutton just for fun
winLayout.addWidget(mysteryButton:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="?"), 4,2)
# Start the Main loop
root.mainloop()

114
tutorial/calculator/calculator.003.py
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@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2022 Eugenio Parodi <ceccopierangiolieugenio AT googlemail DOT com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
from math import factorial
import TermTk as ttk
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
# Define the Label and attach it to the grid layout at
# Position (Row/Col) (0,0) and (Row/Col)Span (1,4)
# I force the Max Height to 1 in order to avoid this widget to resize vertically
resLabel = ttk.TTkLabel(text="Results", maxHeight=1)
winLayout.addWidget(resLabel, 0,0, 4,1)
# Define the Numeric Buttons and attach them to the grid layout
btn1 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="1")
btn2 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="2")
btn3 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="3")
btn4 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="4")
btn5 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="5")
btn6 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="6")
btn7 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="7")
btn8 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="8")
btn9 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="9")
winLayout.addWidget(btn1, 1,0) # Colspan/Rowspan are defaulted to 1 if not specified
winLayout.addWidget(btn2, 1,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn3, 1,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn4, 2,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn5, 2,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn6, 2,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn7, 3,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn8, 3,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn9, 3,2)
# Adding the "0" button on the bottom which alignment is
# Position (Row/Col) (4,0) (Row/Col)span (1,2)
# Just to show off I am using another way to attach it to the grid layout
winLayout.addWidget(btn0:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="0"), 4,0, 1,2)
# Define the 2 algebric buttons
winLayout.addWidget(btnAdd:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="+"), 1,3)
winLayout.addWidget(btnSub:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="-"), 2,3)
# The Enter "=" button (2 rows wide)
winLayout.addWidget(btnRes:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="="), 3,3, 2,1)
# Last but not least an extrabutton just for fun
winLayout.addWidget(mysteryButton:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="?"), 4,2)
# I am defining a simlpe structure that can be used to store
# the mathematical elements of the formulae
mathElements = {'a':0, 'b':0, 'operation':None}
# This is a simple callback that I can use to store the numbers
# I didn't include extra logic because out of the scope of this tutorial
def setFactor(value):
if mathElements['operation'] is None:
mathElements['a'] = mathElements['a']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']}")
else:
mathElements['b'] = mathElements['b']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['b']}")
# I am using a lambda function to redirect the click event to the
# proper "setFactor" callback, this is due to the fact that the
# "clicked" signal does not return any object or information that
# can be used to identify which button has been pressed
# different approaches are possible, i.e. create a separate function
# for each button
btn0.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(0))
btn1.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(1))
btn2.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(2))
btn3.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(3))
btn4.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(4))
btn5.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(5))
btn6.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(6))
btn7.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(7))
btn8.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(8))
btn9.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(9))
# Start the Main loop
root.mainloop()

145
tutorial/calculator/calculator.004.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2022 Eugenio Parodi <ceccopierangiolieugenio AT googlemail DOT com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
from math import factorial
import TermTk as ttk
from TermTk.TTkCore.signal import pyTTkSlot
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
# Define the Label and attach it to the grid layout at
# Position (Row/Col) (0,0) and (Row/Col)Span (1,4)
# I force the Max Height to 1 in order to avoid this widget to resize vertically
resLabel = ttk.TTkLabel(text="Results", maxHeight=1)
winLayout.addWidget(resLabel, 0,0, 4,1)
# Define the Numeric Buttons and attach them to the grid layout
btn1 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="1")
btn2 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="2")
btn3 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="3")
btn4 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="4")
btn5 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="5")
btn6 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="6")
btn7 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="7")
btn8 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="8")
btn9 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="9")
winLayout.addWidget(btn1, 1,0) # Colspan/Rowspan are defaulted to 1 if not specified
winLayout.addWidget(btn2, 1,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn3, 1,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn4, 2,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn5, 2,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn6, 2,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn7, 3,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn8, 3,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn9, 3,2)
# Adding the "0" button on the bottom which alignment is
# Position (Row/Col) (4,0) (Row/Col)span (1,2)
# Just to show off I am using another way to attach it to the grid layout
winLayout.addWidget(btn0:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="0"), 4,0, 1,2)
# Define the 2 algebric buttons
winLayout.addWidget(btnAdd:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="+"), 1,3)
winLayout.addWidget(btnSub:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="-"), 2,3)
# The Enter "=" button (2 rows wide)
winLayout.addWidget(btnRes:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="="), 3,3, 2,1)
# Last but not least an extrabutton just for fun
winLayout.addWidget(mysteryButton:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="?"), 4,2)
# I am defining a simlpe structure that can be used to store
# the mathematical elements of the formulae
mathElements = {'a':0, 'b':0, 'operation':None}
# This is a simple callback that I can use to store the numbers
# I didn't include extra logic because out of the scope of this tutorial
def setFactor(value):
if mathElements['operation'] is None:
mathElements['a'] = mathElements['a']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']}")
else:
mathElements['b'] = mathElements['b']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['b']}")
# I am using a lambda function to redirect the click event to the
# proper "setFactor" callback, this is due to the fact that the
# "clicked" signal does not return any object or information that
# can be used to identify which button has been pressed
# different approaches are possible, i.e. create a separate function
# for each button
btn0.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(0))
btn1.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(1))
btn2.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(2))
btn3.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(3))
btn4.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(4))
btn5.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(5))
btn6.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(6))
btn7.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(7))
btn8.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(8))
btn9.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(9))
# Define 2 slots to handle the Add and Sub operations
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationAdd():
mathElements['operation'] = "ADD"
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationSub():
mathElements['operation'] = "SUB"
# Connect them to the clicked signal of the buttons
btnAdd.clicked.connect(setOperationAdd)
btnSub.clicked.connect(setOperationSub)
# Same for the "=" button
@pyTTkSlot()
def executeOperation():
if mathElements['operation'] is not None:
if mathElements['operation'] == "ADD":
res = mathElements['a'] + mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} + {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
else: # "SUB" Routine
res = mathElements['a'] - mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} - {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
# reset the values
mathElements['a'] = res
mathElements['b'] = 0
mathElements['operation'] = None
btnRes.clicked.connect(executeOperation)
# Start the Main loop
root.mainloop()

154
tutorial/calculator/calculator.005.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# MIT License
#
# Copyright (c) 2022 Eugenio Parodi <ceccopierangiolieugenio AT googlemail DOT com>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
from math import factorial
import TermTk as ttk
from TermTk.TTkCore.signal import pyTTkSlot
# Create a root object (it is a widget that represent the terminal)
root = ttk.TTk()
# Create a window and attach it to the root (parent=root)
calculatorWin = ttk.TTkWindow(parent=root, pos=(1,1), size=(30,17), title="My first Calculator")
# Create a grid layout and set it as default for the window
winLayout = ttk.TTkGridLayout()
calculatorWin.setLayout(winLayout)
# Define the Label and attach it to the grid layout at
# Position (Row/Col) (0,0) and (Row/Col)Span (1,4)
# I force the Max Height to 1 in order to avoid this widget to resize vertically
resLabel = ttk.TTkLabel(text="Results", maxHeight=1)
winLayout.addWidget(resLabel, 0,0, 4,1)
# Define the Numeric Buttons and attach them to the grid layout
btn1 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="1")
btn2 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="2")
btn3 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="3")
btn4 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="4")
btn5 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="5")
btn6 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="6")
btn7 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="7")
btn8 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="8")
btn9 = ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="9")
winLayout.addWidget(btn1, 1,0) # Colspan/Rowspan are defaulted to 1 if not specified
winLayout.addWidget(btn2, 1,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn3, 1,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn4, 2,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn5, 2,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn6, 2,2)
winLayout.addWidget(btn7, 3,0)
winLayout.addWidget(btn8, 3,1)
winLayout.addWidget(btn9, 3,2)
# Adding the "0" button on the bottom which alignment is
# Position (Row/Col) (4,0) (Row/Col)span (1,2)
# Just to show off I am using another way to attach it to the grid layout
winLayout.addWidget(btn0:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="0"), 4,0, 1,2)
# Define the 2 algebric buttons
winLayout.addWidget(btnAdd:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="+"), 1,3)
winLayout.addWidget(btnSub:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="-"), 2,3)
# The Enter "=" button (2 rows wide)
winLayout.addWidget(btnRes:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="="), 3,3, 2,1)
# Last but not least an extrabutton just for fun
winLayout.addWidget(mysteryButton:=ttk.TTkButton(border=True, text="?"), 4,2)
# I am defining a simlpe structure that can be used to store
# the mathematical elements of the formulae
mathElements = {'a':0, 'b':0, 'operation':None}
# This is a simple callback that I can use to store the numbers
# I didn't include extra logic because out of the scope of this tutorial
def setFactor(value):
if mathElements['operation'] is None:
mathElements['a'] = mathElements['a']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']}")
else:
mathElements['b'] = mathElements['b']*10+value
# Display the value in the label
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['b']}")
# I am using a lambda function to redirect the click event to the
# proper "setFactor" callback, this is due to the fact that the
# "clicked" signal does not return any object or information that
# can be used to identify which button has been pressed
# different approaches are possible, i.e. create a separate function
# for each button
btn0.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(0))
btn1.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(1))
btn2.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(2))
btn3.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(3))
btn4.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(4))
btn5.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(5))
btn6.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(6))
btn7.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(7))
btn8.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(8))
btn9.clicked.connect(lambda : setFactor(9))
# Define 2 slots to handle the Add and Sub operations
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationAdd():
mathElements['operation'] = "ADD"
@pyTTkSlot()
def setOperationSub():
mathElements['operation'] = "SUB"
# Connect them to the clicked signal of the buttons
btnAdd.clicked.connect(setOperationAdd)
btnSub.clicked.connect(setOperationSub)
# Same for the "=" button
@pyTTkSlot()
def executeOperation():
if mathElements['operation'] is not None:
if mathElements['operation'] == "ADD":
res = mathElements['a'] + mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} + {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
else: # "SUB" Routine
res = mathElements['a'] - mathElements['b']
resLabel.setText(f"{mathElements['a']} - {mathElements['b']} = {res}")
# reset the values
mathElements['a'] = res
mathElements['b'] = 0
mathElements['operation'] = None
btnRes.clicked.connect(executeOperation)
@pyTTkSlot()
def showAboytWindow():
# I am using the overlay helper to show the
# About window on top of the screen
# it will be closed once the focus is lost
ttk.TTkHelper.overlay(mysteryButton, ttk.TTkAbout(), -2, -1)
mysteryButton.clicked.connect(showAboytWindow)
# Start the Main loop
root.mainloop()
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