diff --git a/Source/CMakeLists.txt b/Source/CMakeLists.txt
index 945cc35b7..3e1579b8d 100644
--- a/Source/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/Source/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -343,6 +343,13 @@ target_link_libraries(libdevilutionx_codec PRIVATE
   libdevilutionx_log
 )
 
+add_devilutionx_object_library(libdevilutionx_crawl
+  crawl.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(libdevilutionx_crawl PUBLIC
+  tl
+)
+
 add_devilutionx_object_library(libdevilutionx_file_util
   utils/file_util.cpp
 )
@@ -398,6 +405,7 @@ target_link_libraries(libdevilutionx PUBLIC
   tl
   unordered_dense::unordered_dense
   libdevilutionx_codec
+  libdevilutionx_crawl
   libdevilutionx_format_int
   libdevilutionx_file_util
   libdevilutionx_parse_int
diff --git a/Source/crawl.cpp b/Source/crawl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe561a05b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/crawl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "crawl.hpp"
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <function_ref.hpp>
+
+#include "engine/displacement.hpp"
+
+namespace devilution {
+namespace {
+
+bool CrawlFlipsX(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
+{
+	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored.flipX(), mirrored }) {
+		if (!function(displacement))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool CrawlFlipsY(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
+{
+	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored, mirrored.flipY() }) {
+		if (!function(displacement))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool CrawlFlipsXY(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
+{
+	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored.flipX(), mirrored, mirrored.flipXY(), mirrored.flipY() }) {
+		if (!function(displacement))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+bool DoCrawl(unsigned radius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
+{
+	if (radius == 0)
+		return function(Displacement { 0, 0 });
+
+	if (!CrawlFlipsY({ 0, static_cast<int>(radius) }, function))
+		return false;
+	for (unsigned i = 1; i < radius; i++) {
+		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(i), static_cast<int>(radius) }, function))
+			return false;
+	}
+	if (radius > 1) {
+		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(radius) - 1, static_cast<int>(radius) - 1 }, function))
+			return false;
+	}
+	if (!CrawlFlipsX({ static_cast<int>(radius), 0 }, function))
+		return false;
+	for (unsigned i = 1; i < radius; i++) {
+		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(radius), static_cast<int>(i) }, function))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool DoCrawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
+{
+	for (unsigned i = minRadius; i <= maxRadius; i++) {
+		if (!DoCrawl(i, function))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace devilution
diff --git a/Source/crawl.hpp b/Source/crawl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0146fe90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Source/crawl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <function_ref.hpp>
+
+#include "engine/displacement.hpp"
+
+namespace devilution {
+
+/**
+ * CrawlTable specifies X- and Y-coordinate deltas from a missile target coordinate.
+ *
+ * n=4
+ *
+ *    y
+ *    ^
+ *    |  1
+ *    | 3#4
+ *    |  2
+ *    +-----> x
+ *
+ * n=16
+ *
+ *    y
+ *    ^
+ *    |  314
+ *    | B7 8C
+ *    | F # G
+ *    | D9 AE
+ *    |  526
+ *    +-------> x
+ */
+
+bool DoCrawl(unsigned radius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function);
+bool DoCrawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function);
+
+template <typename F>
+auto Crawl(unsigned radius, F function) -> std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement>
+{
+	std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement> result;
+	DoCrawl(radius, [&result, &function](Displacement displacement) -> bool {
+		result = function(displacement);
+		return !result;
+	});
+	return result;
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+auto Crawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, F function) -> std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement>
+{
+	std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement> result;
+	DoCrawl(minRadius, maxRadius, [&result, &function](Displacement displacement) -> bool {
+		result = function(displacement);
+		return !result;
+	});
+	return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace devilution
diff --git a/Source/engine/path.cpp b/Source/engine/path.cpp
index a6f586e8f..ed6f87944 100644
--- a/Source/engine/path.cpp
+++ b/Source/engine/path.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 #include <function_ref.hpp>
 
+#include "crawl.hpp"
 #include "levels/gendung.h"
 #include "lighting.h"
 #include "objects.h"
diff --git a/Source/lighting.cpp b/Source/lighting.cpp
index 70076359e..2345c88dd 100644
--- a/Source/lighting.cpp
+++ b/Source/lighting.cpp
@@ -113,33 +113,6 @@ DVL_ALWAYS_INLINE uint8_t GetLight(Point position)
 	return dLight[position.x][position.y];
 }
 
-bool CrawlFlipsX(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
-{
-	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored.flipX(), mirrored }) {
-		if (!function(displacement))
-			return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool CrawlFlipsY(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
-{
-	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored, mirrored.flipY() }) {
-		if (!function(displacement))
-			return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool CrawlFlipsXY(Displacement mirrored, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
-{
-	for (const Displacement displacement : { mirrored.flipX(), mirrored, mirrored.flipXY(), mirrored.flipY() }) {
-		if (!function(displacement))
-			return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
 bool TileAllowsLight(Point position)
 {
 	if (!InDungeonBounds(position))
@@ -161,39 +134,6 @@ void DoVisionFlags(Point position, MapExplorationType doAutomap, bool visible)
 
 } // namespace
 
-bool DoCrawl(unsigned radius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
-{
-	if (radius == 0)
-		return function(Displacement { 0, 0 });
-
-	if (!CrawlFlipsY({ 0, static_cast<int>(radius) }, function))
-		return false;
-	for (unsigned i = 1; i < radius; i++) {
-		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(i), static_cast<int>(radius) }, function))
-			return false;
-	}
-	if (radius > 1) {
-		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(radius) - 1, static_cast<int>(radius) - 1 }, function))
-			return false;
-	}
-	if (!CrawlFlipsX({ static_cast<int>(radius), 0 }, function))
-		return false;
-	for (unsigned i = 1; i < radius; i++) {
-		if (!CrawlFlipsXY({ static_cast<int>(radius), static_cast<int>(i) }, function))
-			return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-bool DoCrawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function)
-{
-	for (unsigned i = minRadius; i <= maxRadius; i++) {
-		if (!DoCrawl(i, function))
-			return false;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
 void DoUnLight(Point position, uint8_t radius)
 {
 	radius++;
diff --git a/Source/lighting.h b/Source/lighting.h
index dd1fc72a4..f8888fbf6 100644
--- a/Source/lighting.h
+++ b/Source/lighting.h
@@ -86,53 +86,4 @@ void lighting_color_cycling();
 
 constexpr int MaxCrawlRadius = 18;
 
-/**
- * CrawlTable specifies X- and Y-coordinate deltas from a missile target coordinate.
- *
- * n=4
- *
- *    y
- *    ^
- *    |  1
- *    | 3#4
- *    |  2
- *    +-----> x
- *
- * n=16
- *
- *    y
- *    ^
- *    |  314
- *    | B7 8C
- *    | F # G
- *    | D9 AE
- *    |  526
- *    +-------> x
- */
-
-bool DoCrawl(unsigned radius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function);
-bool DoCrawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, tl::function_ref<bool(Displacement)> function);
-
-template <typename F>
-auto Crawl(unsigned radius, F function) -> std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement>
-{
-	std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement> result;
-	DoCrawl(radius, [&result, &function](Displacement displacement) -> bool {
-		result = function(displacement);
-		return !result;
-	});
-	return result;
-}
-
-template <typename F>
-auto Crawl(unsigned minRadius, unsigned maxRadius, F function) -> std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement>
-{
-	std::invoke_result_t<decltype(function), Displacement> result;
-	DoCrawl(minRadius, maxRadius, [&result, &function](Displacement displacement) -> bool {
-		result = function(displacement);
-		return !result;
-	});
-	return result;
-}
-
 } // namespace devilution
diff --git a/Source/lua/modules/dev/monsters.cpp b/Source/lua/modules/dev/monsters.cpp
index 42b0ccd84..00855ebd2 100644
--- a/Source/lua/modules/dev/monsters.cpp
+++ b/Source/lua/modules/dev/monsters.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <sol/sol.hpp>
 
+#include "crawl.hpp"
 #include "levels/gendung.h"
 #include "lighting.h"
 #include "lua/metadoc.hpp"
diff --git a/Source/missiles.cpp b/Source/missiles.cpp
index 8f1d2cf9a..aa611ec11 100644
--- a/Source/missiles.cpp
+++ b/Source/missiles.cpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 
 #include "control.h"
 #include "controls/plrctrls.h"
+#include "crawl.hpp"
 #include "cursor.h"
 #include "dead.h"
 #ifdef _DEBUG
diff --git a/Source/monster.cpp b/Source/monster.cpp
index c2bde27e1..d93a96c46 100644
--- a/Source/monster.cpp
+++ b/Source/monster.cpp
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fmt/format.h>
 
 #include "control.h"
+#include "crawl.hpp"
 #include "cursor.h"
 #include "dead.h"
 #include "engine/load_cl2.hpp"
diff --git a/test/CMakeLists.txt b/test/CMakeLists.txt
index 38f1a4baf..987a7dd5b 100644
--- a/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ set(tests
   drlg_l4_test
   effects_test
   inv_test
-  lighting_test
   math_test
   missiles_test
   pack_test
@@ -40,24 +39,30 @@ set(tests
 )
 set(standalone_tests
   codec_test
+  crawl_test
   file_util_test
   format_int_test
   parse_int_test
   str_cat_test
   utf8_test
 )
+set(benchmarks
+  crawl_benchmark)
 
 include(Fixtures.cmake)
 
-foreach(test_target ${tests} ${standalone_tests})
+foreach(test_target ${tests} ${standalone_tests} ${benchmarks})
   add_executable(${test_target} "${test_target}.cpp")
-  gtest_discover_tests(${test_target})
   set_target_properties(${test_target} PROPERTIES RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
   if(GPERF)
     target_link_libraries(${test_target} PUBLIC ${GPERFTOOLS_LIBRARIES})
   endif()
 endforeach()
 
+foreach(test_target ${tests} ${standalone_tests})
+  gtest_discover_tests(${test_target})
+endforeach()
+
 foreach(test_target ${tests})
   target_link_libraries(${test_target} PRIVATE test_main)
 endforeach()
@@ -67,6 +72,11 @@ foreach(test_target ${standalone_tests})
   target_include_directories(${test_target} PRIVATE "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source")
 endforeach()
 
+foreach(target ${benchmarks})
+  target_link_libraries(${target} PRIVATE benchmark::benchmark benchmark::benchmark_main)
+  target_include_directories(${target} PRIVATE "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/Source")
+endforeach()
+
 add_library(app_fatal_for_testing OBJECT app_fatal_for_testing.cpp)
 target_sources(app_fatal_for_testing INTERFACE $<TARGET_OBJECTS:app_fatal_for_testing>)
 
@@ -74,6 +84,8 @@ add_library(language_for_testing OBJECT language_for_testing.cpp)
 target_sources(language_for_testing INTERFACE $<TARGET_OBJECTS:language_for_testing>)
 
 target_link_libraries(codec_test PRIVATE libdevilutionx_codec app_fatal_for_testing)
+target_link_libraries(crawl_test PRIVATE libdevilutionx_crawl)
+target_link_libraries(crawl_benchmark PRIVATE libdevilutionx_crawl)
 target_link_libraries(file_util_test PRIVATE libdevilutionx_file_util app_fatal_for_testing)
 target_link_libraries(format_int_test PRIVATE libdevilutionx_format_int language_for_testing)
 target_link_libraries(parse_int_test PRIVATE libdevilutionx_parse_int)
diff --git a/test/crawl_benchmark.cpp b/test/crawl_benchmark.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c47136ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/crawl_benchmark.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
+
+#include "crawl.hpp"
+#include "engine/displacement.hpp"
+
+namespace devilution {
+namespace {
+
+void BM_Crawl(benchmark::State &state)
+{
+	const int radius = state.range(0);
+	for (auto _ : state) {
+		int sum;
+		Crawl(0, radius, [&sum](Displacement d) {
+			sum += d.deltaX + d.deltaY;
+			return false;
+		});
+		benchmark::DoNotOptimize(sum);
+	}
+}
+
+BENCHMARK(BM_Crawl)->RangeMultiplier(4)->Range(1, 20);
+
+} // namespace
+} // namespace devilution
diff --git a/test/lighting_test.cpp b/test/crawl_test.cpp
similarity index 88%
rename from test/lighting_test.cpp
rename to test/crawl_test.cpp
index c6c7ca7dc..a788d165c 100644
--- a/test/lighting_test.cpp
+++ b/test/crawl_test.cpp
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "control.h"
-#include "lighting.h"
+#include "crawl.hpp"
+#include "engine/displacement.hpp"
 
 namespace devilution {
 namespace {
 using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 
-TEST(Lighting, CrawlTables)
+TEST(CrawlTest, BasicTest)
 {
 	bool added[40][40];
 	memset(added, 0, sizeof(added));
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ TEST(Lighting, CrawlTables)
 	int x = 20;
 	int y = 20;
 
+	constexpr int MaxCrawlRadius = 18;
 	Crawl(0, MaxCrawlRadius, [&](Displacement displacement) {
 		int dx = x + displacement.deltaX;
 		int dy = y + displacement.deltaY;
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ TEST(Lighting, CrawlTables)
 	}
 }
 
-TEST(Lighting, CrawlTablesVisitationOrder)
+TEST(CrawlTest, VisitationOrderTest)
 {
 	std::vector<Displacement> order;
 	Crawl(0, 2, [&](Displacement displacement) {